BSc (Hons) Astrophysics with Space Science

Key information

Typical offer:
Entry requirements
Fees: See below
Full details
UCAS code: F502
Institute code: H36
Study abroad option
Work placement option
Find out more

This course is up for review
To ensure this course continues to be cutting-edge and enables you to be ready for the modern workplace, it is due to be reviewed by December 2024.

Our website will typically be updated within a month of the review confirming any enhancements, including:
- module titles (and whether they are core or optional)
- expected contact hours
- assessment methods
- staff teaching on the course

The University of Hertfordshire is committed to welcoming students with a wide range of qualifications and levels of experience. The entry requirements listed on the course pages provide a guide to the minimum level of qualifications needed to study each course. However, we have a flexible approach to admissions and each application will be considered on an individual basis.

UCAS points	A Level	BTEC	Accepted T Levels	Access Course Tariff	IB requirement
120–128	BBB–ABB - B in Maths, B in Physics	DDM - Applied Science AND A level Maths grade B	None	Diploma with 45 Level 3 credits of which 15 must be in maths at a minimum of Merit	120-128 points must include maths and physics at HL grade 4 or above

Additional requirements

GCSE: Grade 4/C in English Language and Mathematics

All students from non-majority English speaking countries require proof of English language proficiency, equivalent to an overall IELTS score of 6.0 with a minimum of 5.5 in each band.

If you do not have the required IELTS or equivalent for direct entry on to your degree programme, our Pre-sessional English and International Foundation courses can help you to achieve this level.

For more details on the University of Hertfordshire's entry requirements, please visit our Undergraduate Entry Requirements page.

Find out more about International Entry Requirements.

Professional accreditations

The Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics is in the process of seeking accreditation of this course by the Institute of Physics.

UCAS points	A Level	BTEC	Accepted T Levels	Access Course Tariff	IB requirement
120–128	BBB–ABB - B in Maths, B in Physics	DDM - Applied Science AND A level Maths grade B	None	Diploma with 45 Level 3 credits of which 15 must be in maths at a minimum of Merit	120–128 points must include maths and physics at HL grade 4 or above

Why choose this course?

2nd in the East of England (after Cambridge) for Physics & Astronomy(Complete University Guide 2024)
Use one of the best equipped teaching observatories in the UK
Hands-on field trip to Goonhilly Earth Station in Cornwall

Combine your interests in astrophysics and spaceflight

You are fascinated by the science that underlies our current understanding of the universe, and you are excited by the exploration of space within our solar system using spacecraft. You want to develop your skills in physics, maths, computing and practical work and understand how modern technology is enabling us to probe further into the universe - using telescopes based on the Earth and in space - and travel to more distant worlds using robotic spacecraft. You are interested in the role that the space industry can play in saving and protecting our planet.

We offer a broad and exciting curriculum which covers topics from planetary science to space systems, cosmology to rocket science. Our hands-on approach to the application of the physical and space sciences will spark your imagination. You’ll become creative and be able to solve real-world problems based on research-informed knowledge.

You don’t want to choose between your two favourite subjects. By studying astrophysics with space science at Herts, you’ll have the best of both worlds.

Benefit from our links to the space industry

At the University of Hertfordshire, you’ll benefit from national and international links to the space industry. We have strong links to leading space industry experts, including: Goonhilly Earth Station (GES) in Cornwall, Airbus Defence and Space (in nearby Stevenage), the UK Space Agency and NASA, together with the rapidly growing number of Earth observation and satellite companies. You’ll even have the opportunity to undertake a week-long field trip to GES to gain hands-on experience with its deep space communication facilities, and training mission operations.

Herts and Hatfield have a proud history in space science and innovation. The pioneering Blue Streak rocket was built in Hatfield and the mathematics department has been involved in ground-breaking work on the optimisation of spacecraft trajectories. The University continues to build excellent industry links and forge progress in international space exploration and research.

You’ll benefit from access to one of the best astronomical teaching observatories in the UK – Bayfordbury Observatory. The Observatory, which hosts a suite of space science instrumentation, will enable you to observe and measure stars and planets, and track satellites as part of your own research and project work. Our team of expert researchers and academics will be with you every step of the way. With lots of opportunities to master practical skills and theory, you’ll step into your future career with confidence.

What's the course about?

Astrophysics is the study of the physical processes that shape the structure and evolution of our universe. This study takes place on many scales, from extrasolar planets to supermassive black holes – both areas currently under research at the University of Hertfordshire. Space Science is the application of physics and engineering to the space environment of the Earth, and to spacecraft systems and dynamics. The development of ingenious instrumentation which is able to push measurements to their physical limits is important to both astrophysics and space science.

Your main campus is College Lane

This is where the creative arts, science and health-related subjects are based. This means you’ll share the campus with future nurses, scientists, artists and more. You can use the common rooms to relax with friends, work out in the 24-hour gym or have a drink in our on-campus pub or cafes. We also have restaurants for you to eat in or grab something on the go. Our Learning Resources Centres are open 24/7, which means you can study whenever suits you best. Want to pop over to the other campus? You can take the free shuttle bus or walk there in just 15 minutes.   

New School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science building now open

Learn in our new state-of-the-art building called Spectra, featuring a variety of interactive learning spaces. Benefit from two brand-new physics teaching labs.

Spectra is home to the Centre for Climate Change Research and the Wolfson Centre for Biodetection and Instrumentation Research, which have both been created in response to the most pressing global challenges. You will also benefit from our Academic Support Hub, which is aimed at helping you build your employability and academic skills. Plus, have access to industry mentors who will provide you with pastoral support, vocational guidance, and career progression opportunities.

Spectra will also provide space to collaborate, with plenty of workshops, social and meeting spaces available. Even better, the building has been designed with the University’s net zero carbon target in mind, and forms part of our plan to replace or upgrade older sites that are energy inefficient.

What will I study?

Our course offers a unique blend of core physics and astrophysics alongside the specialised area of space science. While based in the Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, you’ll also benefit from opportunities to take modules from the Department of Engineering, including Space Systems and Rocket Propulsion and Performance, and Satellite Communications.

At Herts, we offer a range of teaching methods so you can reach your full potential. From small-group tutorials, to lectures, practical classes and guest speakers from industry, you’ll be inspired and supported every step of the way. You’ll also have access to Bayfordbury Observatory where you’ll carry out astronomical observations in a professional setting.

We offer a problem-based learning approach. Be inspired by our hands-on/practical approach to teaching. You’ll have the chance to work in teams to design a space science mission. You’ll then deliver your findings in a competitive tender presentation to justify your proposal.

Not only will you showcase your theoretical knowledge, but you’ll gain confidence as an expert problem-solver through creativity and logic. For example, a workbook that you create in the module Space Dynamics is a detailed record of your investigation of the orbital and spin dynamics of spacecraft. Although a form of assessment, many graduates have used the workbook during job interviews to highlight their skills and capabilities.

In your first year, you’ll develop a solid broad foundation in physics, astrophysics and scientific mathematics, alongside training in laboratory and observatory techniques. The emphasis is on closely supporting your studies through regular academic meetings with a personal tutor in small groups. The class sizes mean that you will quickly get to know your peers and work together, sometimes in study groups that you form yourselves. A valued feature of the course is the easy and informal access you have to staff teaching on the modules.

In your second year, you’ll begin start to specialise in more advanced areas of astrophysics and space science, including modules in Space Science and Systems and advanced core curriculum in electromagnetism and optical physics. Astrophysics modules focus on the planetary scale of real interest to space scientists - Physics of the Solar System and Extra-Solar Planets.

In your third year, you will study topics such as nuclear and particle physics and star formation. You’ll also undertake an in-depth investigative project. Throughout the project, you’ll be closely supervised and guided by one of our experienced researchers in the Centre for Astrophysics. Previous projects have included mapping the Orion Nebula with our telescopes at Bayfordbury Observatory, studying planetary systems with the Herschel Space Observatory, and modelling high energy jets from galactic nuclei. You will study the performance and propulsion of rockets and study spacecraft dynamics in an innovative computer-based environment.

If you decide to continue your studies onto our MPhys course, you do a research-level project as half of the fourth-year schedule. You will also do an advanced module on the space systems approach to mission planning.

Find out more about the MPhys(Hons) Astrophysics with Space Science.

Level 4

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
The Physical Universe	30 Credits	Compulsory
The Physical Universe ensures that students establish or refine their knowledge and skills in core areas of classical physics, while receiving an introduction to a range of topics in astrophysics. It will provide a broad survey of the universe and the structure of matter, and will show how physics and mathematics are used as theoretical tools to interpret data collected at telescopes. In this module you will develop your skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching.
Special Relativity and Quantum Physics	30 Credits	Compulsory
The module provides an introduction to some of the most important and exciting concepts in 20th Century physics: it introduces the theories of special relativity and quantum mechanics, energy and radiation, wave particle duality, and applies these ideas to atomic, nuclear and molecular physics. It will provide a foundation for more advanced treatments of these subjects. The course content is delivered in the form of lectures, tutorial/problem sessions and laboratory classes. Students are expected to develop strong study skills such as note-taking and study planning, and work independently as well as in groups. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving and research enquiry, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, and interpersonal skills.
Experimental Physics	15 Credits	Compulsory
The module consists of experimental investigations into various physical phenomena such as classical mechanics, thermodynamics, waves and optics, fluids, electromagnetism and atomic spectra. It also introduces the basic techniques of laboratory practice, including data recording, uncertainty estimation, data and uncertainty analysis, maintaining a log book and writing reports. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching.
Small Group Tutorial (Level 4)	0 Credits	Compulsory
This module is designed to give you academic support in small groups studying taught material from across your Level 4 modules. Your tutor group meets every two weeks during teaching periods. In meetings your tutor will lead/guide discussions relating to tutorial assignments set by other modules, as well as in additional areas of study that you may suggest. Some assignments will be assessed (contributing coursework credit back to the modules that set them), and some will be formative/instructive. Your tutor will mark the assessed assignments, with problem areas becoming a natural focus for tutorial discussion. Through guidance and advice your Small Group Tutorials will help you identify your academic strengths and weaknesses, and show you how to start to think like a professional physicist or mathematician. You can also seek pastoral support from your tutor on any matters affecting your studies. The module develops skills in problem solving, interpersonal and communication skills, adaptation to context, and personal evaluation and development.
Mathematical Methods	15 Credits	Compulsory
On entry to the degree students have a range of mathematical backgrounds and knowledge, and this module has been designed to standardise mathematical knowledge through the first semester of study. You will review core areas of A-level mathematics, which will be extended to enhance your knowledge. You will learn important and widely applicable mathematical techniques relating to hyperbolic functions, matrices, vectors, differential and integral calculus, and complex numbers. In this module you will develop your skills in mathematical problem solving, analysis and evaluation.
Applications of Calculus	15 Credits	Compulsory
This module will extend the mathematical knowledge gained in the module 'Mathematical Methods'. It will explore a variety of mathematical methods that use calculus. You will learn important and widely applicable mathematical techniques relating to improper integrals, differential equations, partial differentiation, power series, and Fourier series. In this module you will develop your skills in mathematical problem solving, analysis and evaluation.
Computational Modelling	15 Credits	Compulsory
In this module you will learn how to use a programming language. You will solve exercises during practical classes and independent study time. You will see how to develop scientific and mathematical models and how they can be implemented in a computational environment. Towards the end of the module, you will carry out a mini-project on mathematical computing, and present the results. The module develops skills in problem solving, computer programming, analysis and evaluation, and interpersonal and communication skills.

Level 5

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
Electromagnetism	15 Credits	Compulsory
The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and manifests around charged particles and electric currents. In 1861 James Clerk Maxwell published his now famous unifying equations, revealing for the first time that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon (and that the EM force is carried by photons). Learn about electrostatics and magneto-statics, and the encompassing nature of Maxwell's equations. Appreciate the implications of self-sustaining EM waves in a vacuum, and connect the speed-of-light directly to electromagnetic constants. Study electromagnetic effects in the laboratory, demonstrating various behaviours of fields, forces, and electric circuits. In this module you will develop your skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, conceptualisation, and data synthesis.
Optics and Lasers	15 Credits	Compulsory
The study of light has a storied history in physics, leading to the discovery that it is an electromagnetic wave and then the development of special relativity and quantum electrodynamics. Students will learn the classical topics of light wave propagation, interference and diffraction, geometric optics, polarisation and Fourier optics. These are illustrated with applications such as the detection of gravitational waves and discovery of new extra-solar planets. Modern topics such as lasers and their applications, which have led to 5 Nobel prizes since 1955, will also be included. Furthermore, the student will be able to choose a topic in modern optics for a more detailed investigation. In this module you will develop your skills in autonomy and responsibility for actions, problem solving, information searching, analysis and evaluation and scientific writing.
Thermodynamics	15 Credits	Compulsory
Thermodynamics is one of the most fascinating areas of physics, bridging the divide between quantum and classical mechanics. In addition, because it deals with large numbers of particles, it reveals new collective types of behaviour such as changes of phase. Thermodynamics applies to large and small systems, from a bacteria and the household refrigerator to black holes and the universe in the large. As such it is an incredibly powerful tool and puts limits on the behaviour of systems, most famously in the law of entropy increase. These limitations have led to much philosophical debate and fascinating unanswered questions e.g. why does consciousness only seem to flow in one direction and how is this linked to other asymmetries in the universe such as the net increase in universal entropy. This module will allow you to confront these issues and solve foundational problems that help understand their complexity and subtlety. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching, and conceptualisation and critical thinking.
Small Group Tutorial (Level 5)	0 Credits	Compulsory
This module is designed to give you academic support in small groups studying taught material from across your Level 5 modules. It also provides support and training for the Career Planning and Development module in the form of assistance with your personal skills audit, and help/guidance with putting together your CV. In addition it will develop your skills in interpreting/understanding scientific journal papers (through some "journal club" sessions), and your appreciation of good practice in scientific writing. Your tutor group meets every two weeks during teaching periods. In meetings your tutor will lead/guide discussions relating to tutorial assignments/activities, as well as in additional areas of study that you may suggest. Some assignments will be assessed (contributing coursework credit back to the modules that set them), and some will be formative/instructive. Your tutor will mark the assessed assignments, with problem areas becoming a natural focus for tutorial discussion. You can also seek pastoral support from your tutor on any matters affecting your studies. The module develops skills in problem solving, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching, adaptation to context, and personal evaluation and development.
Plasma Physics and Fusion Reactors	15 Credits	Optional
Plasma is a gas in which most atoms are ionised. This gives it properties which are quite different from gases as we know them. Plasmas are very good conductors of electricity. Their behaviour is dominated by long range electric and magnetic fields, not by short distance particle-particle interactions. Plasmas appear in nature in the solar corona, lightning strikes and polar aurorae. Plasmas have also many technical applications: fluorescent lamps, plasma etching of computer chips, TV screens and fusion research. This module will study the behaviour of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. A fluid model will be developed to describe the collective behaviour (magneto hydrodynamics). The nuclear physics of fusion reactions will be introduced and requirements for a fusion plasma derived. Students will research physical, technical and practical aspects of designing and running a fusion reactor. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, interpersonal and communication skills, information searching, and conceptualisation and critical thinking.
Space Science and Systems	15 Credits	Compulsory
The use of dimensional analysis in systems (a theme of the module, to include an introduction to various non-dimensional measures of mechanical and thermal properties) Typical topics in this module cannot be exhaustive but should give a sound grounding in the physical principles underlying engineering design. Notional topics to include: • Heat transfer and exchange • Introduction to flows and types of flow (pipes, nozzles, Knudsen, hypersonic etc.) • Gyroscopic stability • Essentials of radio and laser communication • Imaging systems, image analysis, remote sensing • Simple stress analysis • Electrostatic charging and the physics of electrical discharge
Multivariable Calculus	15 Credits	Compulsory
You will learn how to integrate functions of two and three variables along plane and space curves and how to evaluate multiple integrals of such functions. You will learn about gradient, divergence and curl. You will be able to obtain the Fourier transform of a function and perform calculations involving analytic functions of a complex variable. In this module you will develop your skills in mathematical problem solving, and analysis and evaluation.
Differential Equations	15 Credits	Optional
This module employs a variety of mathematical methods and techniques to explore, describe and predict the behaviour of scientific, industrial and engineering phenomena. The subject appeals to individuals interested in applying mathematics to real-word problems. In this module, we focus on ordinary differential equations. The emphasis is on the development of methods important in applications.¬ In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving, analysis and evaluation.
Programming	15 Credits	Compulsory
Programming is an important skill in the modern working world. This module will introduce you to programming in a modern high-level language. The module will cover control structures such as loops and logical statements. You will be shown how to build more complex programs by writing and linking separate functions and procedures. You will learn how to debug programs and produce program documentation. And you will apply your skills to a mathematical or physical problem and computationally analyse the results. The module develops skills in computer programming, interpersonal and communication skills, and conceptualisation and critical thinking.
Motion and Tensors	15 Credits	Optional
Dynamics in mathematics has a broad meaning and describes states and state ¬spaces, and the transformation or evolution of these states. This module highlights these ideas while focusing on problems of classical mechanics. The approach will emphasize the (historically accurate) way in which mathematical structures have often been devised to solve particular mechanical problems. You will learn how to work in different frames, both inertial and non-inertial. You will use tensors to simplify and solve complex problems, and to reveal their intrinsic symmetries.
Numerical Methods	15 Credits	Optional
Numerical techniques are important across many areas of mathematical modelling, since it is rare that real-world problems admit solutions in closed form. In this module you will discover how to use numerical methods to solve mathematical problems. We will discuss the relative performance of different methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency, and investigate the theoretical background to the methods. We will typically cover methods for numerical integration, numerical solution of systems of linear equations, computation of eigenvectors and eigenvalues, and the numerical solution of systems of ODEs.
Quantum Mechanics	15 Credits	Compulsory
Quantum mechanics is the most fundamental and most successful theory of the physical world. It has been essential to the development of many modern technologies (lasers, solid state and tunnelling devices, entanglement and encryption). This module develops the basic formalism of quantum mechanics. The formalism is used to understand the properties of bound states, spin states, identical particles and multi-particle structures. Recent developments and conceptual problems are also discussed. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, presentation skills, conceptualisation and critical thinking.
Career Planning and Development	0 Credits	Compulsory
The module aims to develop relevant the skills and understand the role of a graduate in the sphere of work. By the end of the module students should appreciate the challenges, rewards and diversity of career planning and development. In this module you will develop your skills in team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, information searching, adaptation to context, personal evaluation and development.

Level 6

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
Rocket Performance and Propulsion	15 Credits	Compulsory
This module will introduce students to flight dynamics of rockets and their propulsion systems. Typical applications under consideration will include satellite launch and insertion into orbit, sounding rockets and potential future applications such as space tourism.
Satellite Communications	15 Credits	Optional
This module introduces the student to the principles of terrestrial, mobile, satellite and space communication system design, including communication system building blocks, antenna properties and radio wave propagation phenomena. Treatment of some material is at systems level with some topics being treated at more in-depth, analytical level. Theoretical study is supported by practical exercises and lab experiments and where appropriate, software based simulation tools.
Computational Physics	15 Credits	Optional
In this module you will develop your computational skills by investigating problems in physics and astrophysics. You will have the opportunity to use and modify numerical programmes written in languages such as Python and Matlab. The module is delivered in a hands-on workshop environment in a computer laboratory. You will typically study two or three problems and assessment is based on a report you write on each of your investigations. In this module you will develop your skills in research enquiry, computer programming/modelling, scientific writing, and critical thinking.
Condensed States of Matter	15 Credits	Compulsory
This module covers the basic properties of condensed matter states. It demonstrates the application of quantum physics to many particle systems and discusses modern applications including, semi-conductors, degeneracy, and Bose-Einstein condensation. You will develop your skills of modelling, problem solving and research enquiry. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving and research enquiry, scientific writing and information searching.
The Physics of Elementary Particles	15 Credits	Compulsory
The module will provide an account of the particle physics of the standard model, our most complete theory of the fundamental rules governing the microscopic nature of matter and forces. The material will cover everything from the early ideas of the start of the twentieth century through to the modern picture, which represents our current understanding and has only been confirmed much more recently by large international experiments, such as those based at CERN. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving and research enquiry, scientific writing and information searching, and conceptualisation.
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics	15 Credits	Compulsory
This module gives a grounding in geophysical fluid dynamics, the basic principles governing the circulation of the Earth's atmosphere and ocean on large terrestrial scales. It provides a physical and mathematical description of geophysical flows and of an assortment of waves that can be supported by such flows. An emphasis is put on why the Earth's atmosphere and ocean look like they do on global scales. In-class demonstrations, laboratory experiments and computer modelling will feature. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving research and enquiry, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal communicational skills, scientific writing and information searching.
Star Formation and Evolution	15 Credits	Optional
The module will cover the fundamentals of stars and their structure, including their formation and evolution from the main sequence to final stellar remnants. It will develop an understanding of the principles and details driving the evolution of stars and the conditions in their deep interiors. Emphasis will be placed on the physics involved. An appreciation will be gained of the history of this field as well as the current open questions at the forefront of research. Lectures and discussions will present and develop the basic course material and concepts. Numerical assignments, practical reports, class tests and a final examination will allow and test consolidation of the learning outcomes. Observatory work will provide training in experimental and observational skills. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving and research inquiry, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, and scientific writing and information searching.
Foundations of Cosmology	15 Credits	Optional
The study of the structure and evolution of the Universe has in the last few decades undergone a true transformation. Rather than theorists pursuing their models unencumbered by meaningful observational constraints, we now have entered the era of precision cosmology. This in no small part has been due to the tremendous technological advances that have allowed observational cosmologists to chart the structure of the Universe, all the way out to its observable edge. The module will cover the mathematical framework needed to describe expanding, curved space-time, i.e., the Robertson-Walker metric, and the concepts of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity as it applies to cosmology, in particular the Friedmann models. This is followed by an inventory of the constituents of the Universe, including Dark Matter and Dark Energy, and how theory and observations have led to the current consensus or Concordance model of the Universe. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving and research enquiry, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching, and conceptualisation.
The Physics of Astronomical Spectra	15 Credits	Optional
From the nearest stars to the most distant galaxies (and the tenuous matter in between), astronomers can reveal and study properties and physical conditions by measuring the spectrum of the emitted radiation. Learn about the radiative processes that shape the variety of spectra encountered, and understand how astronomers discover the huge diversity of astronomical objects around us; the emergent radiation of stellar atmospheres and of giant glowing nebulae will be examined, along with the way in which spectroscopy picks up the imprint of the extremely low density inter-stellar medium. In this module you will develop your skills in research enquiry and problem solving, conceptualisation, and data synthesis.
Space Science and Physics Project and Investigative Skills	30 Credits	Compulsory
Students will carry out a piece of research and/or a literature review in a research topic. Space science research areas in the Department include; atmospheric physics, orbital dynamics, fluid flow, climate physics, remote sensing, instrumentation development. A successful project will become a feature of a student's professional profile and CV, and is often a talking point in graduate job interviews and/or postgraduate applications. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching, conceptualisation and critical thinking, adaptation to context, synthesis and creativity, personal evaluation and development, and ethical awareness and application.
Applied Photonics	15 Credits	Optional
Photonics is an important, modern high-tech industry with applications in optical communication, computing and information-storage, and medical imaging/detectors. Learn about photonics starting from image formation and aberrations, study lasers and other light emitting devices, and investigate current applications in photonics research fields, in lecture, laboratory and workshop settings. In this module you will develop your skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills.
Partial Differential Equations	15 Credits	Optional
Partial differential equations arise as part of the mathematical modelling of real-life problems connected to many areas of science. These connections must be exploited to find a solution to these problems. PDEs provide the foundation for a robust and important area of applied mathematics. In this module we will look at the derivation of some important PDEs and their classification schemes. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving, and analysis and evaluation.
Lagrangian Dynamics	15 Credits	Optional
This module introduces the powerful mathematics used in the study of dynamical systems. We start with the calculus of variations, a topic which deals with "extremization". When applied to physical systems, the classical laws of motion arise from extremizing some quantity - the "action". This Lagrangian perspective gives a powerful way to compute a system's equations of motion and to understand its symmetries. Finally, we study Hamiltonian formalism, and introduce the concept of phase space and Poisson structure.
Nonlinear Systems	15 Credits	Optional
You will learn how to evaluate the qualitative behaviour of the solutions of differential equations which relate to problems in a wide variety of application areas. You will recognise that the behaviour of the solution of a differential equation can be drastically altered by a small change in a parameter. The module provides the student with an understanding of differential equations by the construction, analysis and interpretation of phase portraits. You will be able to identify if and when periodic solutions and other types of behaviour exist.
Further Numerical Methods	15 Credits	Optional
This module introduces advanced methods for solving mathematical and physical problems. We will focus on numerical solutions of partial differential equations, since these are very common in mathematics, physics, and many other fields. Students will study the mathematical background underpinning a range of numerical methods, and then apply these concepts in practical sessions by creating computer programs using a high-level coding language to solve complex problems.
Space Dynamics	15 Credits	Compulsory
Spacecraft dynamics aspects covered include: atmospheric drag, aerobraking, transfer orbits, injection orbits, spacecraft spin, the stability of spinning motion - Euler's equations, three-dimensional spin motion, and mass models of irregular objects. Students work their way through a set of computer exercises under supervision in a computer lab using a high-level coding environment and developing their own style of problem-solving. There are no formal lectures. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, interpersonal and communication skills, autonomy and responsibility for actions.
Professional Placement	0 Credits	Optional
Work experience on a placement (or 'sandwich') year provides students with an invaluable opportunity to understand how their academic studies fit into in a broader context, to gain practical experience in relevant technical areas, and to strengthen their teamwork, IT, communication and time management skills. Students who have undertaken placement years benefit from significantly increased self-confidence and employability, as well as a better understanding of the career they intend to pursue after graduation.
Year Abroad	0 Credits	Optional
The Year Abroad module provides students with an exciting opportunity to expand, develop and apply the knowledge and skills gained in the first two years of their degree within a different educational environment, by studying for a year at a partner academic institution overseas. They will be able to study a variety of modules complementing those available at the University of Hertfordshire. Students who take a year abroad benefit from increased self-confidence and improved communication and interpersonal skills.
Placement with Study Abroad	0 Credits	Optional
Work experience on a placement provides students with an invaluable opportunity to understand how their academic studies fit into in a broader context, to gain practical experience in relevant technical areas, and to strengthen their teamwork, IT, communication and time management skills. Studying abroad provides students with an exciting opportunity to expand, develop and apply the knowledge and skills gained in the first two years of their degree within a different educational environment, and to experience the culture of a different country.

Study abroad

An opportunity for an amazing experience, which will help make you stand out from the crowd. With more and more companies working internationally, experience of living in another country can make a great impression on future employers.

This course offers you the opportunity to enhance your study and CV with a sandwich year abroad. The University has partnerships with over 150 universities around the world, including the USA, Canada, Asia, Africa, Australia, South America and closer to home in Europe.

If you study abroad between your second and third year of study, you’ll pay no tuition fee to the partner university and no tuition fee to us either. We’ll ask you to make your decision in your second year, so there is plenty of time to think about it.

Find out more about Study abroad opportunities

Please note Erasmus+ funding is only available until May 2023. For students starting their course in September 2022 and wishing to study abroad in 2023-24 or 2024-25, please refer to the Turing Scheme.
Work placement
Graduate with invaluable work experience alongside your degree and stand out from the crowd.

This course offers you the opportunity to enhance your study and CV with a work placement sandwich year. It’s a chance to explore career possibilities, make valuable contacts and gain sought after professional skills.

Our dedicated Careers and Employment team are here to help guide you through the process. Previous students have worked at:
- IBM
- Microsoft
- the Rutherford Appleton Labs
- the Met Office and
- the National Physical Laboratory.
If you take up a work placement between your second and third year of study, at the University of Hertfordshire you’ll pay no tuition fee for this year. We’ll ask you to make your decision in your second year, so there is plenty of time to think about it.

Find out more about work placements

Many of our graduates go on to work or postgraduate study at their placement hosts.
What if I need support?

With one of the best student-staff ratios in the country we are able to put our focus on you as an individual and give you the support that you need to reach your full potential.
You’ll benefit from the support of a personal throughout your studies who will support your personal and academic journey. Support is provided through regular one-to-ones and small group discussions.
You can also take advantage of the Departments’ Mathematics Support Service which is available to all staff and students across the University.
The course has been developed alongside student proctors ensuring staff are able to help you throughout your studies on the things that matter most to you. From managing workload to helping advise on the latest research to explore, our staff will ensure you succeed and perform well.

Check out our student blogs

Alumni Stories

Dr Samuel Nathan Richards

Meet Dr Samuel Nathan Richards, who has taken his degree out of this world. Samuel currently works for NASA as the Mission Director & Instrument Scientist for NASA/DLR mission: SOFIA in California.

Read more stories BSc (Hons) Astrophysics

Current job role	Mission Director & Instrument Scientist for NASA/DLR mission: SOFIA
Year of graduation	2012
Course of study	BSc (Hons) Astrophysics with Sandwich Year

Global opportunities

Samuel currently works as the Mission Director & Instrument Scientist for the SOFIA mission, based in Palmdale, California at the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. Nathan has worked toward this role since completing his degree and a PhD in Astrophysics at the University of Sydney, Australia.

He says, 'I would not be where I am without the opportunities that were available while studying at the University of Hertfordshire. From extracurricular projects, to connections with other world ranking universities. I'm thankful to the University for its guidance and support that kick-started my career.'

Samuel decided to study at the University after seeing a promo video in sixth-form that featured the Bayfordbury Observatory. He says, 'When I discovered how strong the University's Astronomy department was, I felt that this was an environment that I could thrive in.'

'The lecturers were world-class, active astronomers, so each class was dynamic to the ever-changing knowledge of their respective fields of research. Their willingness to accept keen students for extracurricular research projects gave me early first-hand experience of the career I was about to launch myself into. Their international connections opened a path for me to do a research year at the University of Sydney, where I would later return to complete a PhD!'

Just the beginning

Pursuing a career in astronomy is highly competitive but incredibly exciting. Opportunities in these industries are truly global and roles are very diverse. 'I didn't know I'd end up working at NASA, but I took all opportunities as they arose.' Samuel encourages new and current students to do the same. 'Find what you enjoy and do that, over money, status and fame. There are many routes to where I am now, my colleagues come from very different backgrounds: astronomy, electrical and mechanical engineering and computer science, and that is just within my role, let alone all the other roles under NASA's umbrella.'

'I'm still learning, developing and taking on new opportunities!'

Alumni Stories

Thomas Owen

Meet Thomas Owen who discovered his passion for analytics while at university. He is currently a Sales and Capacity Planner at Ocado.

Current job role	Sales and Capacity Planner
Year of graduation	2015
Course of study	BSc (Hons) Physics

University life and experience

Thomas initially decided to come to the University of Hertfordshire based on our excellent Physics facilities, including Bayfordbury Observatory. While visiting the campus at an Open Day he was impressed with the amount of support available and our ranking in league tables for Physics evidenced in the expertise of our lecturers.

Throughout his time at the University, Thomas felt fully supported. He says, ‘There was never a point where I felt I had to go it alone and help was always on hand if things got tough. Lecturers took the time to meet with me personally if I had questions and the 24/7 LRC had everything I'd need for self-study and exam practice.’

After graduating, he has realised that the challenges he faced throughout his degree have fully prepared him for his working life and future career.

‘My studies helped me prepare for working in busy, dynamic environments by challenging me all the time. Whether it was working on a big project, my dissertation, or preparing for my exams – my experiences encouraged me to take challenges head on.’

While he worked hard throughout his time at university, he is pleased that it paid off. He explains that handing in his final year dissertation and being awarded a first made it all worthwhile.

Future aspirations

Thomas initially did not think that he would be working in online grocery and retail, however, he has found the industry to be challenging, rewarding and fast-growing. He explains that he likes the variety of roles and ‘different areas of aspire to work in.’

What's next for my career?

This course will prepare you for an exciting career in the space industry. Due to increasing investment and technological advances, the industry, both in the UK and abroad, is set to expand exponentially. There are therefore a growing number of job opportunities for technologically driven and trained graduates with the capabilities to work within, and manage, projects to aid the peaceful exploration of space.

Graduates within the Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics have gone onto careers across the space industry, including roles as space engineers, research scientists and science communicators working for facilities such as the Royal Greenwich Observatory or the European Space Agency.

The course can also lead to many career pathways where analytical skills are highly desired, including: finance, accounting, commerce, teaching and telecommunications.

If you want to expand your knowledge and specialise further, this course will prepare you for postgraduate education in space science or space technology.
View our Alumni profiles

Dr Samuel Nathan Richards Thomas Owen
Key staff

Dr Boyan Tatarov
LIDAR and atmospheric sensing
Find out more about Dr Boyan Tatarov
Professor David Pinfield
Programme Tutor and planetary sciences
Find out more about Professor David Pinfield
Dr James Collett
Astrophysics and rocket performance
Find out more about Dr James Collett
Professor Jim Geach
Earth observation satellite analysis
Find out more about Professor Jim Geach

Course fact sheets
BSc (Hons) Astrophysics with Space Science	Download
BSc (Hons) Astrophysics with Space Science	Download

Programme specifications
BSc Honours Physics and Astrophysics	Download
BSc Honours Physics and Astrophysics	Download

Additional information
Sandwich placement or study abroad year	Optional
Applications open to international and EU students	Yes
Course length	Full Time, 3 Years Part Time, 6 Years Sandwich, 4 Years
Location	University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield

International/EU applicants without pre-settled status in the UK

Apply through our international/EU application portal

Home and EU applicants with pre-settled/settled status in the UK

Apply using the links below:

2025

Start Date	End Date	Year	Location	Link
18/09/2025	31/05/2026	3	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time)
20/09/2025	31/05/2026	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Part Time)
20/09/2025	31/05/2026	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)
19/09/2025	31/05/2026	2	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)

2026

Start Date	End Date	Year	Location	Link
18/09/2026	31/05/2027	3	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time)
20/09/2026	31/05/2027	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Part Time)
20/09/2026	31/05/2027	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)
19/09/2026	31/05/2027	2	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)

Fees and funding
Fees 2024
UK Students
Full time
- £9250 for the 2024/2025 academic year
Part time
- £1155 per 15 credits for the 2024/2025 academic year
EU Students
Full time
- £15500 for the 2024/2025 academic year
Part time
- £1940 per 15 credits for the 2024/2025 academic year
International Students
Full time
- £15500 for the 2024/2025 academic year
Part time
- £1940 per 15 credits for the 2024/2025 academic year
Fees 2025
UK Students
Full time
- £9250 for the 2025/2026 academic year
Part time
- £1155 per 15 credits for the 2025/2026 academic year
EU Students
Full time
- £15965 for the 2025/2026 academic year
Part time
- £1995 per 15 credits for the 2025/2026 academic year
International Students
Full time
- £15965 for the 2025/2026 academic year
Part time
- £1995 per 15 credits for the 2025/2026 academic year
*Tuition fees are charged annually. The fees quoted above are for the specified year(s) only. Fees may be higher in future years, for both new and continuing students. Please see the University’s Fees and Finance Policy (and in particular the section headed “When tuition fees change”), for further information about when and by how much the University may increase its fees for future years.

View detailed information about tuition fees

Read more about additional fees in the course fact sheet

Other financial support

Find out more about other financial support available to UK and EU students

Living costs / accommodation

The University of Hertfordshire offers a great choice of student accommodation, on campus or nearby in the local area, to suit every student budget.

View detailed information about our accommodation

Book your Open Day

Get info and updates

BSc (Hons) Astrophysics with Space Science

Key information

Typical offer:

Fees: See below

UCAS code: F502

Institute code: H36

Study abroad option

Work placement option

Additional requirements

Additional requirements

Why choose this course?

Combine your interests in astrophysics and spaceflight

Benefit from our links to the space industry

What's the course about?

Your main campus is College Lane

New School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science building now open

What will I study?

Check out our student blogs

Student Blogs

My typical day

Student Blogs

What I love about my course

Student Blogs

Why I chose Herts

Student Blogs

Alumni Stories

Meet Dr Samuel Nathan Richards, who has taken his degree out of this world. Samuel currently works for NASA as the Mission Director & Instrument Scientist for NASA/DLR mission: SOFIA in California.

Global opportunities

Just the beginning

Alumni Stories

Meet Thomas Owen who discovered his passion for analytics while at university. He is currently a Sales and Capacity Planner at Ocado.

University life and experience

Future aspirations

International/EU applicants without pre-settled status in the UK

Home and EU applicants with pre-settled/settled status in the UK

2025

2026

Fees 2024

UK Students

Full time

Part time

EU Students

Full time

Part time

International Students

Full time

Part time

Fees 2025

UK Students

Full time

Part time

EU Students

Full time

Part time

International Students

Full time

Part time

Other financial support

Living costs / accommodation