MPhys (Hons) Astrophysics

Key information

Typical offer:
Entry requirements
Fees: See below
Full details
UCAS code: F511
Institute code: H36
Study abroad option
Work placement option
Find out more

The University of Hertfordshire is committed to welcoming students with a wide range of qualifications and levels of experience. The entry requirements listed on the course pages provide a guide to the minimum level of qualifications needed to study each course. However, we have a flexible approach to admissions and each application will be considered on an individual basis.

UCAS points	A Level	BTEC	Accepted T Levels	Access Course Tariff	IB requirement
128–136	ABB–AAB - B in Maths, B in Physics	DDM - Applied Science AND A level Maths grade B	T Level grade D plus A level Maths grade B. Accepted T levels: Engineering, Manufacturing, Processing and Control (D) or Science (D)	Diploma with 45 Level 3 credits of which 15 must be in maths at a minimum of Merit	120–128 points must include maths at HL grade 4 or above

Additional requirements

GCSE: Grade 4/C in English Language and Mathematics

All students from non-majority English speaking countries require proof of English language proficiency, equivalent to an overall IELTS score of 6.0 with a minimum of 5.5 in each band.

If you do not have the required IELTS or equivalent for direct entry on to your degree programme, our Pre-sessional English and International Foundation courses can help you to achieve this level.

For more details on the University of Hertfordshire's entry requirements, please visit our Undergraduate Entry Requirements page.

Find out more about International Entry Requirements.

UCAS points	A Level	BTEC	Accepted T Levels	Access Course Tariff	IB requirement
128	ABB - B in Maths, B in Physics	DDM - Applied Science AND A level Maths grade B	T Level grade D plus A level Maths grade B. Accepted T levels: Engineering, Manufacturing, Processing and Control (D) or Science (D)	Diploma with 45 Level 3 credits of which 15 must be in Maths at a minimum of Merit	128 UCAS points must include Maths and Physics at HL grade 4 or above

Additional requirements

GCSE: Grade 4/C in English Language and Mathematics

All students from non-majority English speaking countries require proof of English language proficiency, equivalent to an overall IELTS score of 6.0 with a minimum of 5.5 in each band.

If you do not have the required IELTS or equivalent for direct entry on to your degree programme, our Pre-sessional English and International Foundation courses can help you to achieve this level.

For more details on the University of Hertfordshire's entry requirements, please visit our Undergraduate Entry Requirements page.

Find out more about International Entry Requirements.

Professional accreditations

This degree has accreditation from the Institute of Physics (IoP).

Why choose this course?

2nd in the East of England for physics and astronomy (Complete University Guide, 2024)
One of the best equipped teaching observatories in the UK
New modules cover machine learning and cutting-edge research on stars and extra-solar planets

On our MPhys Astrophysics degree, you will study astrophysics to a greater depth and breadth than our BSc programme. An MPhys is particularly recommended for those interested in pursuing research in the industrial, government and academic sectors, and who are likely to consider undertaking further postgraduate study (MSc and/or PhD degrees).

The MPhys programme allows students to study astrophysics to a greater depth and breadth than our BSc programme.

There is a broader range of options in the third year and in the final MPhys year you will study more advanced courses in a range of astrophysics and physics specialisms (including Galaxy Formation & Evolution, High Energy Astrophysics, and General Relativity), plus undertake a large research project within the Centre for Astrophysics Research.

Your research project will form half of your final year, and you will be closely supervised and guided by one of our experienced researchers in our Centre for Astrophysics Research (CAR) while you work on a cutting-edge problem in modern astrophysics. CAR is one of the biggest university astrophysics research centres in the UK, which produces world-leading research and has a significant intake of PhD students every year. Previous projects include developing Lucky Imaging cameras at our Bayfordbury teaching observatory, studying extreme variable stars in the Milky Way, studying observations of powerful Active Galactic Nuclei, and designing new space telescopes to study extrasolar planet atmospheres. We have an innovative strand of industrial projects supported by the Institute of Physics that give you direct experience of working in industrial research.

We take pride in our student-focused approach to teaching astrophysics. With one of the best student-staff ratios in the country we are able to put our focus on you as an individual and give you the support that you need to reach your full potential as an astrophysics graduate. Our graduates are in a wide range of careers, from scientific research to teaching and industry.

What's the course about?

Astrophysics is physics with particular emphasis on processes that shape the structure and evolution of the universe. This course seeks to provide answers to fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of stars, planets and galaxies, as well as the universe itself. Astrophysics complements the study of the laws of nature with lab-based methods as some physical phenomena, like some nuclear processes, dark matter, dark energy, and dense states of matter like neutron stars or black holes are not accessible in laboratories.

An MPhys Astrophysics degree offers you the opportunity to explore the subject in greater depth and breadth than a BSc. It’s particularly recommended if you’re interested in pursuing research in industry, government or academia, or if you want to go on to further postgraduate study. During the course you’ll study more advanced topics such as galaxy formation and evolution, high-energy astrophysics and general relativity. You’ll also undertake a large research project within our Centre for Astrophysics Research. We have an innovative strand of industrial projects, supported by the Institute of Physics, that gives you direct experience of working in industrial research. You’ll also have the exciting opportunity to spend a year at a major astronomical research centre or an international observatory.

Your main campus is College Lane

This is where the creative arts, science and health-related subjects are based. This means you’ll share the campus with future nurses, scientists, artists and more. You can use the common rooms to relax with friends, work out in the 24-hour gym or have a drink in our on-campus bar or cafes. We also have restaurants for you to eat in or grab something on the go. Our Learning Resources Centres are open 24/7, which means you can study whenever suits you best. Want to pop over to the other campus? You can take the free shuttle bus or walk there in just 15 minutes.   

New School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science building now open

Learn in our new state-of-the-art building called Spectra, featuring a variety of interactive learning spaces. Benefit from two brand-new physics teaching labs.

Spectra is home to the Centre for Astrophysics Research, and the Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Physics Research (CACP), which has been created in response to the most pressing global challenges. You will also benefit from our Academic Support Hub, which is aimed at helping you build your employability and academic skills. Plus, have access to industry mentors who will provide you with pastoral support, vocational guidance, and career progression opportunities.

Spectra also provides space to collaborate, with plenty of workshops, social and meeting spaces available. Even better, the building has been designed with the University’s net zero carbon target in mind, and forms part of our plan to replace or upgrade older sites that are energy inefficient.

What will I study?

Each year is carefully designed to progress you in the main pillars of astrophysics, topical physics and astrophysics lectures, experimental and observational work, mathematics/ mathematical physics and computation.

In your first year it will focus on classical and Quantum Physics, Special Relativity and Astrophysics. The first year is common to all our undergraduate physics programmes, so transfers are possible.

In your second year you will study Thermodynamics, more advanced Quantum Mechanics, Electrodynamics, Optics and Lasers, as well as exploring the Physics of the Solar System and Extra-Solar Planets. Optional modules include Machine Learning, Plasma Physics, and professional teaching skills (aimed at secondary school teaching), as well as applied mathematics modules.

In your third year, our BSc and MPhys routes diverge, with the MPhys having the third year project optional, as there is a larger project in the fourth year. You will dive into condensed states of matter, central to, e.g., semi and superconductors, The Physics of Elementary Particles, cosmology and computational physics, which includes hands-on coding projects to solve advanced physics problems. Options in third year include topics like rockets, spectroscopy, orbit analysis, medical, mathematical and mathematical physics options. In your fourth year it will be focused on your research project (half of the credits). You deepen your knowledge in statistics and analysis as well as relativity and field theory or stars and planets. Your further specialisation options include General Relativity, climate physics, galaxies and high energy astrophysics.

Extracurricular activities

During your time with us we want you to have the widest opportunities possible to achieve your full potential. So, alongside your studies, we also organise many optional extracurricular activities to help you gain professional Physics experience. We run regular summer placements and internships in our research laboratories, and make our facilities at the Bayfordbury Observatory open to you (once you have passed an accreditation course). Also, as a member of the South East Physics Network (SEPNet), our students have the possibility for summer internships with any of our 8 SEPNet partners.

Level 4

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
Special Relativity and Quantum Physics	30 Credits	Compulsory
The module introduces the theories of special relativity and quantum mechanics, energy and radiation, wave particle duality, and applies these ideas to atomic, nuclear and molecular physics. The course content is delivered in the form of lectures, tutorial/problem sessions and laboratory classes. Students are expected to develop strong study skills such as note-taking and study planning, working independently as well as in groups, as well as skills in problem solving and research enquiry, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, and interpersonal skills.
Experimental Physics	15 Credits	Compulsory
The module consists of experimental investigations into various physical phenomena such as classical mechanics, thermodynamics, waves and optics, fluids, electromagnetism and atomic spectra. It also introduces the basic techniques of laboratory practice, including data recording, uncertainty estimation, data and uncertainty analysis, maintaining a log book and writing reports. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching.
Small Group Tutorial (Level 4)	0 Credits	Compulsory
This module gives you academic support in small groups studying taught material from across your Level 4 modules. Your tutor group meets every two weeks during teaching periods. In meetings your tutor will lead/guide discussions relating to tutorial assignments set by other modules, as well as in additional areas of study that you may suggest. Guidance and advice will show you how to start to think like a professional (astro-) physicist. You can also seek pastoral support from your tutor on any matters affecting your studies.
Mathematical Methods	15 Credits	Compulsory
On entry to the degree students have a range of mathematical backgrounds and knowledge, and this module has been designed to standardise mathematical knowledge through the first semester of study. You will review core areas of A-level mathematics, which will be extended to enhance your knowledge. You will learn important and widely applicable mathematical techniques relating to hyperbolic functions, matrices, vectors, differential and integral calculus, and complex numbers. In this module you will develop your skills in mathematical problem solving, analysis and evaluation.
Applications of Calculus	15 Credits	Compulsory
This module will extend the mathematical knowledge gained in the module 'Mathematical Methods'. It will explore a variety of mathematical methods that use calculus. You will learn important and widely applicable mathematical techniques relating to improper integrals, differential equations, partial differentiation, power series, and Fourier series. In this module you will develop your skills in mathematical problem solving, analysis and evaluation.
Computational Modelling	15 Credits	Compulsory
In this module you will learn how to use a programming language. You will solve exercises during practical classes and independent study time. You will see how to develop scientific and mathematical models and how they can be implemented in a computational environment. The module develops skills in problem solving, computer programming, analysis and evaluation, and interpersonal and communication skills
The Physical Universe	30 Credits	Compulsory
You will refine your knowledge and problem-solving skills in core areas of classical physics and astrophysics. Through a broad survey of the universe and the structure of matter you will gain understanding how physics and mathematics are used as theoretical tools to interpret data, some of which is collected at telescopes. You will develop skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, scientific writing and information searching, and ethical awareness and application.

Level 5

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
Electromagnetism	15 Credits	Compulsory
Electromagnetism is a cornerstone of our understanding of the physical world. We are literally held together by electromagnetic forces - one of the four fundamental forces in nature. In this module, we explore electromagnetism in theory and in practice. The fundamental laws are contained in a beautiful set of equations - Maxwell's equations, a.k.a. Faraday's law, Ampere's law etc. Physical pictures, particularly the idea of a physical field help to gain a real intuition for how the equations translate into observable physical behaviour.
Optics and Lasers	15 Credits	Compulsory
The study of light has a storied history in physics, leading to the discovery that it is an electromagnetic wave and then the development of special relativity and quantum electrodynamics. Students will learn the classical topics of light wave propagation, interference and diffraction, geometric optics, polarisation and Fourier optics. These are illustrated with applications including lasers, the detection of gravitational waves and the discovery of new extra-solar planets. The student will be able to choose a topic in modern optics for investigation.
Thermodynamics	15 Credits	Compulsory
Thermodynamics is one of the most fascinating areas of physics, bridging the divide between quantum and classical mechanics. It deals with large numbers of particles and thus reveals new collective types of behaviour such as changes of phase. Thermodynamics applies to large and small systems, from a bacteria and the household refrigerator to black holes and the universe. It puts limits on their behaviour, most famously in the law of entropy increase.
Small Group Tutorial (Level 5)	0 Credits	Compulsory
This module is designed to give you academic support in small groups studying taught material from across your Level 5 modules. It also provides support and training for the Career Planning and Development module in the form of assistance with your personal skills audit, and help/guidance with putting together your CV. In addition, it will develop your skills in interpreting/understanding scientific journal papers (through some "journal club" sessions), and your appreciation of good practice in scientific writing.
Physics of the Solar System	15 Credits	Compulsory
With the advent of the space age "Planetary Science" (the physics of the solar system) is the only branch of astronomy in which up-close studies are possible, with lunar missions and interplanetary probes revolutionizing our understanding over the past 50 years. Learn about the diverse range of solar-system bodies and their dynamics, how planets form, their interiors and surfaces, planetary and inter-planetary magnetic effects.
Extra-Solar Planets	15 Credits	Compulsory
In the past three decades extra-solar planets have moved from science fiction to science-fact, with ground- and space-based surveys revealing several thousand extra-solar worlds. Learn about the methods for extra-solar planet discovery, their interiors and atmospheres, the diversity of known systems and their formation. Study the physics of this hugely diverse population, understand how astronomers assess extra-solar habitability, and learn about future missions aiming to reveal the conditions in extra-solar planet atmospheres.
Plasma Physics and Fusion Reactors	15 Credits	Optional
Plasmas appear in the solar corona, lightning strikes and polar aurorae as well as in fluorescent lamps, TV screens and fusion research. In contrast to neutral gases they contain ionised particles, are very good conductors and may have dynamically important magnetic fields. This module will study the behaviour of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, a fluid model to describe the collective behaviour (magnetohydrodynamics) and the nuclear physics of fusion reactors. Students will research physical, technical and practical aspects of designing a fusion reactor.
Multivariable Calculus	15 Credits	Compulsory
In this module you will develop your skills in mathematical problem solving, and analysis and evaluation. You will learn how to integrate functions of two and three variables along plane and space curves and how to evaluate multiple integrals of such functions. You will learn about gradient, divergence and curl. You will be able to obtain the Fourier transform of a function and perform calculations involving analytic functions of a complex variable.
Differential Equations	15 Credits	Optional
In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving, analysis and evaluation. This module employs a variety of mathematical methods and techniques to explore, describe and predict the behaviour of scientific, industrial and engineering phenomena. The subject appeals to individuals interested in applying mathematics to real-word problems. In this module, we focus on ordinary differential equations. The emphasis is on the development of methods important in applications.
Professional Teaching Skills	15 Credits	Optional
The module aims to develop the practical skills and understand the role of a graduate in the sphere of education. By the end of the module students should appreciate the challenges, rewards and diversity of the educational sector. In this module you will develop your skills in team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, information searching, adaptation to context, personal evaluation and development.
Motion and Tensors	15 Credits	Optional
Dynamics in mathematics has a broad meaning and describes states and state spaces, and the transformation or evolution of these states. This module highlights these ideas while focusing on problems of classical mechanics. The approach will emphasize the (historically accurate) way in which mathematical structures have often been devised to solve particular mechanical problems. You will learn how to work in different frames, both inertial and non-inertial. You will use tensors to simplify and solve complex problems, and to reveal their intrinsic symmetries.
Quantum Mechanics	15 Credits	Compulsory
Quantum mechanics is the most fundamental and most successful theory of the physical world. It has been essential to the development of many modern technologies (lasers, solid state and tunnelling devices, entanglement and encryption). This module develops the basic formalism of quantum mechanics. The formalism is used to understand the properties of bound states, spin states, identical particles and multi-particle structures. Recent developments and conceptual problems are also discussed. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, presentation skills, conceptualisation and critical thinking.
Career Planning and Development	0 Credits	Compulsory
The module aims to develop relevant skills and understand the role of a graduate in the sphere of work. By the end of the module students should appreciate the challenges, rewards and diversity of career planning and development. In this module you will develop your skills in team and organisational working, interpersonal and communication skills, information searching, adaptation to context, personal evaluation and development.
Introduction to Machine Learning and Neural Networks	15 Credits	Optional
This module provides an introduction on machine learning and artificial intelligence. It gives a broad but thorough overview of a range of modern methods and techniques used in machine learning with a particular emphasis on how to implement these techniques using an appropriate programming language.

Level 6

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
Rocket Performance and Propulsion	15 Credits	Optional
This module explores the principles of rocket propulsion and performance, focusing on the dynamics of propulsion systems for both atmospheric and space applications. You will study propellant composition, combustion processes and the design of propulsion systems. Key topics include rocket staging, flight dynamics under gravitational and aerodynamic forces and the optimisation of propulsion systems for various missions. You will develop the knowledge and skills required to address complex challenges in aerospace engineering and rocket propulsion.
Space Dynamics	15 Credits	Optional
Space dynamics is a coursework-only module. Students work in a computer lab supervised by the module facilitator. There are no formal lectures. Instead, students work their way through a set of computer exercises using Matlab. The exercises allow the student to tackle problems in different ways and develop their own style of problem-solving. The module covers various aspects in spacecraft dynamics including: atmospheric drag, aerobraking, transfer orbits, injection orbits, spacecraft spin, the stability of spinning motion – Euler's equations, three-dimensional spin motion, and mass models of irregular objects. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, interpersonal and communication skills, autonomy and responsibility for actions.
Condensed States of Matter	15 Credits	Optional
In this module, you will explore the application of quantum physics to many particle systems such as semi-conductors and Bose-Einstein condensation. You will learn about interatomic forces and bonding, mechanical and thermal properties of condensed matter, electrical and magnetic properties of matter, phonons, plasmons, and low-temperature states of matter (electron degeneracy, Bose-Einstein condensates, superconductivity and superfluidity).
The Physics of Elementary Particles	15 Credits	Optional
The module will provide an account of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, our most complete theory of the fundamental rules governing the microscopic nature of matter and forces. The material will cover everything from the early ideas of the start of the twentieth century through to the modern picture, which represents our current understanding and has only been confirmed much more recently by large international experiments, such as those based at CERN.
Astrophysics Project and Investigative Skills	30 Credits	Optional
Students will carry out a piece of research and/or a literature review in a research topic. Astrophysics research areas in the School include; star formation, the Milky Way, extra-solar planets, brown dwarfs and white dwarfs, Active Galactic Nuclei physics and environment, the formation, evolution and structure of galaxies. A successful project will become a feature of a student's professional profile and CV, and is often a talking point in graduate job interviews and/or postgraduate applications.
Star Formation and Evolution	15 Credits	Optional
Stars and their structure, including their formation and evolution from the main sequence to final stellar remnants. Topics covered include hydrostatic equilibrium, convection zones and radiative pressure support, nuclear burning and energy generation, the mass-luminosity relation, giant and dwarf stars and the initial mass function. Observatory work will provide training in experimental and observational skills.
Foundations of Cosmology	15 Credits	Optional
The study of the structure and evolution of the Universe has in the last few decades undergone a true transformation. Driven by tremendous technological advances, we now have entered the era of precision cosmology. The module will cover the mathematical framework of expanding, curved space-time in the context of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, particularly the Robertson-Walker metric, and the Friedmann models followed by an inventory of the constituents of the Universe, including Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
The Physics of Astronomical Spectra	15 Credits	Optional
From the nearest stars to the most distant galaxies (and the tenuous matter in between), astronomers can reveal and study properties and physical conditions by measuring the spectrum of the emitted radiation. Learn about the radiative processes that shape the variety of spectra encountered, and understand how astronomers discover the huge diversity of astronomical objects around us; the emergent radiation of stellar atmospheres and of giant glowing nebulae will be examined, as well as the imprint of the extremely low density inter-stellar medium.
The Early Universe and Galaxy Formation	15 Credits	Optional
A combination of incredible advances in observational techniques, i.e., large ground-based optical and radio telescopes, complemented with sophisticated space-based observatories, has made it possible to peer out to the edge of the observable Universe, effectively looking back in time when galaxies first assembled. This module covers the physics of the very early Universe, including when the first structures formed under the influence of gravity, and how these structures evolved into what we now call galaxies.
Quantum Optics and Information Theory	15 Credits	Optional
Quantum optics and modern quantum optical experiments have played a central role in the conceptual understanding of quantum mechanics and in its modern applications. This module will provide you with a basic theoretical understanding of quantum optics, computational skills for problem solving, and the opportunity to research the topics under study. Coverage will include the quantisation of the radiation field, optical tests of quantum mechanics, the emission and absorption of radiation by atoms, and aspects of quantum entanglement and quantum information theory.
Applied Photonics	15 Credits	Optional
Photonics is an important, modern high-tech industry with applications in optical communication, computing and information-storage, and medical imaging/detectors. Learn about photonics starting from image formation and aberrations, study lasers and other light emitting devices, and investigate current applications in photonics research fields, in lecture, laboratory and workshop settings.
Partial Differential Equations	15 Credits	Optional
Partial differential equations arise as part of the mathematical modelling of real-life problems connected to many areas of science. These connections must be exploited to find a solution to these problems. PDEs provide the foundation for a robust and important area of applied mathematics. In this module we will look at the derivation of some important PDEs and their classification schemes. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving, and analysis and evaluation.
Lagrangian Dynamics	15 Credits	Optional
This module introduces the powerful mathematics used in the study of dynamical systems. We start with the calculus of variations, a topic which deals with "extremization". When applied to physical systems, the classical laws of motion arise from extremizing some quantity - the "action". This Lagrangian perspective gives a powerful way to compute a system's equations of motion and to understand its symmetries. Finally, we study Hamiltonian formalism, and introduce the concept of phase space and Poisson structure.
Nonlinear Systems	15 Credits	Optional
You will learn how to evaluate the qualitative behaviour of the solutions of differential equations which relate to problems in a wide variety of application areas. You will recognise that the behaviour of the solution of a differential equation can be drastically altered by a small change in a parameter. The module provides the student with an understanding of differential equations by the construction, analysis and interpretation of phase portraits. You will be able to identify if and when periodic solutions and other types of behaviour exist.
Computational Physics	15 Credits	Optional
In this module you will develop your computational skills by investigating problems in physics and astrophysics. You will have the opportunity to use and modify numerical programmes written in languages such as Python as well as develop new code. The module is delivered in a hands-on workshop environment in a computer laboratory. The case studies investigated explore different computational approaches such as solving differential equations and using Monte-Carlo methods. The final group investigation links to current research in the department.

Level 7

Module	Credits	Compulsory/optional
CFD & Applications	15 Credits	Optional
This module aims to develop student knowledge of Computational Fluid Dynamics. It comprehensively reviews the governing equations of fluid flow and their areas of application within the context of real-world engineering problems. Practical CFD skills are developed through laboratory activity, including geometry representation, the selection of appropriate meshing strategies (e.g. mesh element types, mesh refinement, mesh quality) and physics settings. Teaching on this module includes the fundamentals of fluid flows, field theory, boundary layer modelling, turbulence modelling and strategies for domain sizing/discretisation.
Aerospace Aerodynamics	15 Credits	Optional
This module develops the student's knowledge of aerodynamics and experience of using CFD. Students will develop their knowledge of the use of potential flow theory including its application to the panel method for aerodynamic prediction. Other topics covered will include lifting line and slender body theory together with hypersonic aerodynamics. The CFD applications part of the module provides an overview of the governing flow equations and their range of application. Students will make extensive use of commercial codes to simulate airflows. Apart from applications to external flows, methods for multi-phase flows and flows with conjugate heat transfer will be reviewed. There is also an introduction to subroutines and user functions in commercial codes.
CFD & Applications	15 Credits	Optional
Module introduces various implementations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its theoretical foundation. It covers how to tackle complex engineering challenges with CFD; to evaluate and to analyse efficiently the resulting data.
Experimental Aerodynamics	15 Credits	Optional
In this module, you will develop expertise in advanced experimental aerodynamics techniques, focusing on cutting-edge flow diagnostic technologies such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and schlieren visualisation. Using advanced wind tunnels, you will conduct complex aerodynamic experiments, including data acquisition, post-processing and uncertainty analysis. Additionally, by integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) validation with practical testing, you will develop a rigorous, research-driven approach to solving real-world aerodynamic problems.
Relativity and Field Theory	15 Credits	Optional
Relativistic field theory is central to high energy physics, from particle colliders to astrophysics. This module introduces classical relativistic field theory with an emphasis on using the right theoretical framework to manifest the unity and simplicity of physics. Considerable stress is placed on the role of symmetry as a powerful organising principle, from the global Poincaré symmetry of special relativity, which through Noether's theorem implies the existence of relativistic conserved quantities, to the local U(1) gauge symmetry of Maxwell theory, which underpins the electromagnetic force.
Astrophysics Research Project	60 Credits	Compulsory
In undertaking an Astrophysics Research Project students will carry out a major piece of investigative and practical work at the interface with current research. Astrophysics research areas in the School include; star formation in the Milky Way, the disc and bulge of the Milky Way, extra-solar planets and brown dwarfs, planetary nebulae and white dwarfs, Active Galactic Nuclei physics and environment, the formation and evolution of galaxies, and the structure of galaxies. A successful project will become a key feature of a student's professional profile and CV, and is often a central talking point in graduate job interviews and/or postgraduate applications.
Galaxy Structure and Evolution	15 Credits	Compulsory
Galaxy formation and evolution is one of the most topical and active fields of current astronomical research. Although we now have a relatively complete cosmological model taking us from a fraction of a second after the big-bang to the epoch of last scattering, the details of how galaxies subsequently formed and evolved to become those that we see today are not yet fully understood. This module will cover current observational and theoretical developments in this field, using the known properties of local galaxies as a benchmark. In addition, the module will look towards the future with particular focus on what we might learn about the first galaxies formed after last scattering, i.e. during the epoch of re-ionization. The module develops skills in research enquiry and problem solving, analysis and evaluation, communication skills, and conceptualisation.
General Relativity	15 Credits	Optional
Einstein's revolutionary general theory of relativity describes gravity as the curvature of space-time. This elegant vision of gravity emerged from his "happiest thought" - that gravity vanishes in a free-falling elevator (and the ensuing equivalence of gravity and acceleration). Follow Einstein's thought processes and learn the relativistic theory of gravity, which predicts some of the most mysterious (but observed!) astrophysical phenomena - black holes, the expanding Universe, and gravitational waves.
Quantum Field Theory	15 Credits	Optional
Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is a powerful framework for fundamental particle physics. It underpins the Standard Model of elementary particles, possibly our most precise and well-tested scientific theory. QFT treats particles as excited states of underlying fields, uniting classical relativistic field theory with quantum mechanics. Learn about path integrals, Feynman diagrams and rules, and their application to scattering processes in particle accelerators, where new particles (such as the Higgs boson) continue to be discovered in some of the most ambitious "big science" projects ever undertaken.
Statistics and Analysis	15 Credits	Compulsory
This module develops statistical concepts which are applied in modern physical and astrophysical research. The module will look into the different kinds of distributions and errors. Methods for hypothesis testing and data fitting will be investigated and applied to research data. Monte Carlo and Bootstrapping procedures will be used for error propagation. These statistical methods will be implemented in a procedural language such as Python. The module will cover the syntax and control structures such as loops and logical statements, and building complex programmes by writing and linking separate functions and procedures. In this module you will develop your skills in problem solving, analysis and evaluation, and computer programming.
Nature of the Climate System	15 Credits	Optional
The module applies the physical and mathematical principles to develop an understanding of the climate change. It explores the physical science of our climate system and the basic mechanisms that govern how the climate system responds to drivers of climate change. From a knowledge of the physical processes taking place, students gain understanding of the major climate processes that are important for understanding the future climate change.
High Energy Astrophysics	15 Credits	Compulsory
High-energy astrophysics applies high-energy processes to astrophysical contexts. Such processes are typically associated with extremely compact or massive objects, like black holes, white dwarfs and neutron stars, or galaxy clusters. In this module, you will study these high-energy processes the key types of astrophysical situation in which they operate, and the methods by which their effects are detected from Earth. You will explore radio astronomy with our radio telescopes at Bayfordbury.

Study abroad

An opportunity for an amazing experience, which will help make you stand out from the crowd. With more and more companies working internationally, experience of living in another country can make a great impression on future employers.

This course offers you the opportunity to enhance your study and CV with a sandwich year abroad. The University has partnerships with over 150 universities around the world, including the USA, Canada, Asia, Africa, Australia, South America and closer to home in Europe.

If you study abroad between your second and third year of study, you’ll pay no tuition fee to the partner university and no tuition fee to us either. We’ll ask you to make your decision in your second year, so there is plenty of time to think about it.

Find out more about Study abroad opportunities
Work placement
Graduate with invaluable work experience alongside your degree and stand out from the crowd.

This course offers you the opportunity to enhance your study and CV with a work placement sandwich year. It’s a chance to explore career possibilities, make valuable contacts and gain sought after professional skills.

Our dedicated Careers and Employment team are here to help guide you through the process. Within the UK our students have worked at:
- IBM
- Microsoft
- the Rutherford Appleton Labs
- the Met Office
- the National Physical Laboratory
If you take up a work placement between your second and third year of study, at the University of Hertfordshire you’ll pay no tuition fee for this year. We’ll ask you to make your decision in your second year, so there is plenty of time to think about it.

Find out more about work placements

Many of our graduates go on to work or postgraduate study at their placement hosts.
What if I need support?

With one of the best student-staff ratios in the country we are able to put our focus on you as an individual and give you the support that you need to reach your full potential.
You’ll benefit from the support of a personal tutor throughout your studies who will support your personal and academic journey. Support is provided through regular one-to-ones and small group discussions.
You can also take advantage of the departments’ Mathematics Support Service which is available to all staff and students across the University.
The course has been developed alongside student proctors ensuring staff are able to help you throughout your studies on the things that matter most to you. From managing workload to helping advise on the latest research to explore, our staff will ensure you succeed and perform well.

Alumni Stories

Dr Sam Richards

Meet Dr Sam Richards, who has taken his degree out of this world. Sam is the Founder & Director of the Meridian Space Command and has previously had roles at NASA and ispace

Read more stories BSc (Hons) Astrophysics

Current job role	Founder & Director of the Meridian Space Command
Year of graduation	2012
Course of study	BSc (Hons) Astrophysics with Sandwich Year

Dr Sam Richards has taken his degree and career out of this world. From the classrooms of the University of Hertfordshire to directing space innovation across the globe, Sam’s journey reflects the power of passion, persistence, and global opportunity in the space industry.

Leading the way in Space innovation

Sam currently serves as Director of the Meridian Space Command, based at Space Park Leicester, where he works with organisations across the space sector to secure funding, deliver ambitious missions, and build sovereign space capabilities. He is also the Founder of Doable.Ventures, a venture platform supporting emerging technologies and start-ups in aerospace and beyond.

His journey through the space industry has been anything but conventional. Sam began his career as Mission Director and Instrument Scientist at NASA, flying in the stratosphere to study the Milky Way as part of advanced infrared astronomy missions. He later moved to Tokyo, where he led private lunar exploration projects as Master of Ground & Space at ispace, helping deliver the world’s first fully commercial mission to the Moon.

These experiences were built on a foundation laid at the University of Hertfordshire, where Sam’s interest in astronomy first came to life. 'When I discovered how strong the University’s Astronomy department was, I felt this was an environment where I could thrive,' he says. 'The hands-on research opportunities and international connections set me on a path I genuinely loved.'

One of those opportunities was a research year at the University of Sydney, which later led to his PhD. 'The lecturers at Herts were world-class, active astronomers, ' he adds. 'They brought their research into every lecture and were willing to involve keen students in real projects. That early exposure to research was a huge advantage.'

Advice for a career in Space

Now an industry leader, Sam continues to push boundaries. Through Meridian Space Command, he supports missions ranging from in-orbit demonstrations to deep space exploration. He is also involved in developing sovereign and allied hypersonic and spaceplane technologies.

Despite his impressive resumé, Sam remains with his feet firmly on Earth in his belief that anyone passionate about space can find their place in the industry.

Sam encourages students and early-career professionals to stay open, persistent, and curious.'There are so many opportunities right now across space, technology, and innovation. If you focus on solving real problems and stay willing to learn, you will find doors opening where you least expect.'

He also reminds students that passion matters more than chasing titles or status. 'Find the thing that you enjoy the most and make that your focus. Passion will carry you through the tough days and help you build a career you are proud of.'

Looking ahead, Sam’s focus is on opening access to ambitious space missions, growing sovereign capabilities, and helping new ventures succeed in technology and beyond. Whether building lunar missions, new aerospace platforms, or the next generation of companies solving critical problems, Sam believes the future belongs to those who are willing to take on the impossible and make it doable.

From starting in a classroom at Hertfordshire to working on projects across the world and beyond, Sam’s journey shows that with the right mix of curiosity, courage, and persistence, anything is within reach.

Alumni Stories

Thomas Owen

Meet Thomas Owen who discovered his passion for analytics while at university. He is currently a Sales and Capacity Planner at Ocado.

Current job role	Sales and Capacity Planner
Year of graduation	2015
Course of study	BSc (Hons) Physics

University life and experience

Thomas initially decided to come to the University of Hertfordshire based on our excellent Physics facilities, including Bayfordbury Observatory. While visiting the campus at an Open Day he was impressed with the amount of support available and our ranking in league tables for Physics evidenced in the expertise of our lecturers.

Throughout his time at the University, Thomas felt fully supported. He says, ‘There was never a point where I felt I had to go it alone and help was always on hand if things got tough. Lecturers took the time to meet with me personally if I had questions and the 24/7 LRC had everything I'd need for self-study and exam practice.’

After graduating, he has realised that the challenges he faced throughout his degree have fully prepared him for his working life and future career.

‘My studies helped me prepare for working in busy, dynamic environments by challenging me all the time. Whether it was working on a big project, my dissertation, or preparing for my exams – my experiences encouraged me to take challenges head on.’

While he worked hard throughout his time at university, he is pleased that it paid off. He explains that handing in his final year dissertation and being awarded a first made it all worthwhile.

Future aspirations

Thomas initially did not think that he would be working in online grocery and retail, however, he has found the industry to be challenging, rewarding and fast-growing. He explains that he likes the variety of roles and ‘different areas of aspire to work in.’

What's next for my career?

Your in-depth, specialist physics understanding and range of technical and mathematical skills mean you’ll be well placed for a career in industrial or scientific research. Alternatively, you could stay in academia on a PhD programme, the number one destination for our graduates. Our graduates also find employment in international observatories, research institutions, engineering and financial industries, and teaching.
View our Alumni profiles

Dr Sam Richards Thomas Owen

Programme specifications
PMMPHY MPhys (Hons) Physics and Astrophysics Programme Spec 2025-26	Download
MPhys (Hons) Astrophysics (Sandwich) - Full Time, Sem A	Download
MPhys (Hons) Astrophysics with a Year Abroad - Full Time, Sem A	Download
MPhys (Hons) Astrophysics - Full Time, Sem A	Download
MPhys (Hons) Astrophysics - Part Time, Sem A	Download

Additional information
Sandwich placement or study abroad year	Optional
Applications open to international and EU students	Yes
Course length	Full Time, 4 Years Part Time, 8 Years Sandwich, 5 Years
Location	University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield

International/EU applicants without pre-settled status in the UK

Apply through our international/EU application portal

Home and EU applicants with pre-settled/settled status in the UK

Apply using the links below:

2026

Start Date	End Date	Year	Location	Link
29/09/2026	22/05/2027	3	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time)
29/09/2026	31/05/2027	4	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time)
29/09/2026	22/05/2027	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Part Time)
29/09/2026	22/05/2027	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)
29/09/2026	22/05/2027	2	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)

2027

Start Date	End Date	Year	Location	Link
29/09/2027	22/05/2028	3	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time)
29/09/2027	31/05/2028	4	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time)
29/09/2027	22/05/2028	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Part Time)
29/09/2027	22/05/2028	1	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)
29/09/2027	22/05/2028	2	UH Hatfield Campus	Apply online (Full Time/Sandwich)

Fees and funding
Fees 2026
UK Students
Full time
- £9790 for the 2026/2027 subject to secondary parliamentary process
Part time
- £1190 per 15 credits for the 2026/2027 subject to secondary parliamentary process
EU Students
Full time
- £17450 for the 2026/2027 subject to secondary parliamentary process
Part time
- £2180 per 15 credits for the 2026/2027 subject to secondary parliamentary process
International Students
Full time
- £17450 for the 2026/2027 subject to secondary parliamentary process
Part time
- £2180 per 15 credits for the 2026/2027 subject to secondary parliamentary process
*Tuition fees are charged annually. The fees quoted above are for the specified year(s) only. Fees may be higher in future years, for both new and continuing students. Please see the University’s Fees and Finance Policy (and in particular the section headed “When tuition fees change”), for further information about when and by how much the University may increase its fees for future years.

View detailed information about tuition fees

Read more about additional fees in the Programme Specification.

Other financial support

Find out more about other financial support available to UK and EU students

Living costs / accommodation

The University of Hertfordshire offers a great choice of student accommodation, on campus or nearby in the local area, to suit every student budget.

View detailed information about our accommodation

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MPhys (Hons) Astrophysics

Key information

Typical offer:

Fees: See below

UCAS code: F511

Institute code: H36

Study abroad option

Work placement option

Additional requirements

Additional requirements

Why choose this course?

What's the course about?

Your main campus is College Lane

New School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science building now open

What will I study?

Extracurricular activities

Alumni Stories

Meet Dr Sam Richards, who has taken his degree out of this world. Sam is the Founder & Director of the Meridian Space Command and has previously had roles at NASA and ispace

Leading the way in Space innovation

Advice for a career in Space

Alumni Stories

Meet Thomas Owen who discovered his passion for analytics while at university. He is currently a Sales and Capacity Planner at Ocado.

University life and experience

Future aspirations

International/EU applicants without pre-settled status in the UK

Home and EU applicants with pre-settled/settled status in the UK

2026

2027

Fees 2026

UK Students

Full time

Part time

EU Students

Full time

Part time

International Students

Full time

Part time

Other financial support

Living costs / accommodation