Industrial Letchworth | University of Hertfordshire Press Skip to content
search
menu
  • UH Press
  • About UH Press
  • Browse our catalogue
  • How to order
  • Join our mailing list
  • News
  • Events
  • Author biographies
  • Book proposals
  • Open Access
  • Follow us on social media
  • Contact us
  • Ebook options
University of Hertfordshire
University of Hertfordshire Press
  • UH Press
  • About UH Press
  • Browse our catalogue
  • How to order
  • Join our mailing list
  • News
  • Events
  • Author biographies
  • Book proposals
  • Open Access
  • Follow us on social media
  • Contact us
  • Ebook options
Home > Economic History Hertfordshire Publications > Industrial Letchworth
Section menu

Industrial Letchworth

The first garden city, 1903–1920

Author: Letchworth Local History Research Group

Price: £14.99 (free postage)

"

“This splendid book… is well produced with a wealth of archive photographs, plus useful fold-out maps and a timeline summarising Letchworth's industrial evolution.”

-Martin Adams,
Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society

About the book

“This is a very well-produced and attractive book written by five members of the Letchworth Local History Research Group, with contributions from another six, and edited by Janet Capstick and Philippa Parker, who should all be congratulated on an excellent production.” Chris Barney, Industrial Archaeology Review

“Excellently illustrated throughout with a bibliography I would recommend this book to the local historian and anyone with connections to Letchworth. It is a valuable addition to the history of the town.” Jane Tunesi, Hertfordshire People

In spite of being named the first ‘Garden City’, Letchworth was conceived as a model industrial town built on enterprise and employment.

Never intended to be merely a pleasant place to live, it needed to be large enough to encourage the mass movement of manufacturers and their employees from overcrowded cities and to function as a self-supporting new town.

In this richly illustrated account, Letchworth Local History Research Group look in detail at the town’s foundation in the early 1900s and the energetic organisation and administration that enabled it to get off the ground quickly and successfully.

Based on new research into a wealth of source material, the book puts to rest some of the enduring myths about the garden city, revealing a nuanced picture of the founding of a working community.

The collaborative efforts of First Garden City Ltd (FGC), the development company for the new town, are a key focus.

  • More about the book

    Extremely well-connected, experienced and highly influential, the senior management of FGC (including Ebenezer Howard), together with a team of engineers as well as architects Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin, were able to provide key infrastructure and sites for development in keeping with a clear strategy.

    Naturally there were challenges and the need for capital to maintain momentum posed considerable difficulties. But strong leadership saw the fledgling town through some tough periods, including the first world war.

    The second part of the book comprises a detailed gazetteer of the industries that established themselves in Letchworth in its early years, with rare archive photographs showing both premises and workers.

    From printing and publishing, to motor manufacture, foundries, clothing and pioneering cinematic companies, the story of Letchworth’s early industry is lively and unique.

  • View the table of contents

    Contents


    FOREWORDxi
    SECTION ONE: AN INDUSTRIAL UTOPIA1
    INTRODUCTION3
    About the book 
    Letchworth – the experiment 
    The role of the Company 
    The industrial achievement 
    A unique example 
    FIRST GARDEN CITY LTD AND THEIR MODEL TOWN5
    A collaborative achievement 
    The central role of strong leadership throughout the first decades 
    Was the scale of demand for workers' housing underestimated? 
    More than a town built on a book 
    Misunderstanding and misrepresentation 
    Letchworth, the experiment and model town 
    Industry – the golden thread 
    DEVELOPING THE LAND AT HITCHIN WAS A RISK12
    Thomas Adams and Letchworth 
    LANDHOLDING, AGRICULTURE, AND SMALLHOLDING14
    Landholding, agriculture and smallholding in the early years of Letchworth Garden City. 
    Pioneer Company's ideas for a garden city 
    Early days on the Estate 
    FINANCING THE FIRST GARDEN CITYFINANCING CITY18
    The first company directors 
    Promoting the Garden City 
    Early investors 
    STARTING DEVELOPMENT AT LETCHWORTH23
    Well planned and executed 
    October 1903 – March 1904: The first six months – sorting the estate plan 
    June 1904 – December 1904: Orderly works and controlled letting of sites 
    Key milestones 
    Spring 1905 – getting ready for the industries 
    The earliest pioneer industries 
    Factory leases 
    PROGRESS ON THE ESTATE: ROAD-MAKING AND INFRASTRUCTURE37
    Capital expenditure 
    Road names 
    Laying of sewers, water and gas mains 
    POPULATION GROWTH AND DEMAND FOR HOUSING41
    Housing societies step up 
    Why Letchworth lacked licensed premise 
    Health of the town 
    UTILITIES49
    First Garden City Ltd Water Works 
    First Garden City Ltd Gas Works 
    First Garden City Ltd Electricity Power Station 
    SECTION TWO: THE INDUSTRIES52
    TIMELINE OF INDUSTRIES WHICH CAME TO LETCHWORTH BETWEEN 1905 AND 1920 
    PRINTING, BINDING, AND PUBLISHING IN THE GARDEN CITY53
    Garden City Press Ltd 
    Wheeeler, Odell & Co 
    J. M. Dent & Sons 
    W. H. Smith & Son and the Arden Press 1907–1915 
    Hayes Printing Machinery Company Ltd 
    MOTOR INDUSTRY IN LETCHWORTH60
    The early years 
    Lacre Motor Car Company Ltd 
    Phoenix Motor Company 
    Warne/Pearsall Warne Ltd 
    Tally-Ho Motor Company 
    FOUNDRIES AND OTHER ENGINEERING MANUFACTURERS68
    Kryn & Lahy 
    Heatly Gresham Engineeering Co. Ltd 
    Lloyds & Company Letchworth Ltd 
    Marmet Baby Carriage Syndicate Ltd 
    TEXTILES AND CLOTHING80
    St Edmundsbury Weavers 
    Garden City Embroidery (later Herz and Falk Embroidery Company) 
    The Spirella Company (of Great Britain) Ltd 
    PRECISION MANUFACTURE88
    Foster Instrument Company: engineering innovation 
    Kryptok Ltd 
    CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES IN LETCHWORTH91
    Garden City Co-operators Ltd 
    Co-operators Women's Guild, Garden City Co-operators Ltd 
    Printing 
    Housing 
    Retail 
    Manufacture 
    Civic and social facilities – Pixmore Institute 
    PHOTOGRAPHY AND CINEMA99
    Kinora Ltd 
    Kosmos Photographics Ltd 
    Going to the pictures in the early garden city 
    SERVICE INDUSTRIESSERVICE INDUSTRIES104
    The Pioneer (Garden City) Laundry, Pixmore Avenue 
    The development of shops in Letchworth, 1903–1914 
    COTTAGE INDUSTRIES109
    Cottage industries in early Letchworth 
    TENEMENT FACTORY: MULTI-INDUSTRY FACILITIES113
    First Garden City Ltd Tenement Factory, Works Road 
    HOW THE WAR AFFECTED LETCHWORTH115
    How the First World War affected the town 
    CONCLUSIONS119
    The challenge for today's Garden Cities 
    AFTERWORD122
    Learning from Letchworth Garden City 
    BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES127

  • About the Author/s:

    Letchworth Local History Research Group

    Letchworth Local History Research Group promotes interest in the origins and history of Letchworth via research projects, events, tours, talks, exhibitions and collaborations with other local community groups.

ISBN: 978-1-912260-28-7 Format: Paperback, 144pp Published: Mar 2021

Other titles you may enjoy

Passing Through
Passing Through
The Peaceful Path
The Peaceful Path
A Place in the Country
A Place in the Country
Letchworth Settlement, 1920–2020
Letchworth Settlement, 1920–2020

Any questions

Contact us at UH Press if you have any queries or would like to find out more about this book.

Top of page
  • Assembling Enclosure
  • Custom and Commercialisation in English Rural Society
  • Farmers, Consumers, Innovators
  • Lady Anne Bacon
  • Wearmouth and Jarrow

Contact us

Switchboard

tel +44 (0) 1707 284000

Admissions Office

tel +44 (0) 1707 284800 fax +44 (0) 1707 284870

Email

ask@herts.ac.uk

Postal Address

University of Hertfordshire Hatfield Hertfordshire, UK AL10 9AB

Location by postcode

College Lane Campus: AL10 9AB de Havilland Campus: AL10 9EU Park and Ride: AL10 8HS

© 2025 University of Hertfordshire

  • HR Excellence in Research logo
  • QAA Quality Mark thumbnail
  • Stonewall logo
Top of page